Professor Chronis Tzedakis

I hold the Chair of Physical Geography at UCL, where I have been based since September 2009.

Academic qualifications:

Professional Service:

Membership of learned societies:

Selected publications

Zhao, Y., Tzedakis, P.C., Li, Q., Qin, F., Cui, Q., Liang, C., Birks, H.J.B., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Ge, J., Zhao, H., Felde, V.A., Deng, C., Cai, M., Li, H., Ren, W., Wei, H., Yang, H., Zhang, J. & Guo, Z. (2020) Evolution of vegetation and climate variability on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 1.74 Myr. Science Advances 6, eaay6193, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6193.

Tzedakis, P.C., Drysdale, R.N., Margari, V., Skinner L.C., Menviel, L., R.H. Rhodes, Taschetto, A.S., Hodell, D.A., Crowhurst, S.J., Hellstrom, J.C., Fallick, A.E., Grimalt, J.O., McManus, J.F., Martrat, B., Mokeddem, Z., Parrenin, F., Regattieri, E., K. Roe, & Zanchetta, G. (2018) Enhanced climate instability in the North Atlantic and southern Europe during the Last Interglacial. Nature Communications, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06683-3.

Tzedakis, P.C., Crucifix, M., Mitsui, T. & E.W. Wolff (2017) A simple rule to determine which insolation cycles lead to interglacials. Nature 542, 427-432, doi:10.1038/nature21364.

Tzedakis, P.C., Emerson, B.E. & Hewitt, G.M. (2013) Cryptic or mystic? Glacial tree refugia in northern Europe. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28, 696-704.

Tzedakis, P.C., Channell, J. E. T., Hodell, D. A., Kleiven, H. F. & Skinner, L. C. (2012) Determining the natural length of the current interglacial. Nature Geoscience 5, 138-141.

Margari, V., Skinner, L.C., Tzedakis, P.C., Ganopolski, A., Vautravers, M. & Shackleton, N.J. (2010) The nature of millennial-scale climate variability during the past two glacial periods. Nature Geoscience 3, 127-133.

Tzedakis, P.C., Raynaud, D.R, McManus, J.F., Berger, A., Brovkin, V. & Kiefer, T. (2009) Interglacial diversity. Nature Geoscience 2, 751-755.

Tzedakis, P.C., Hughen, K.A., Cacho, I. & Harvati, K. (2007) Placing late Neanderthals in a climatic context. Nature 449, 206-208.

Tzedakis, P. C., Roucoux, K. H., de Abreu, L. & Shackleton, N. J. (2004) The duration of forest stages in southern Europe and interglacial climate variability. Science 306, 2231-2235.

Tzedakis, P.C., Lawson, I.T., Frogley, M.R., Hewitt, G.M. & Preece, R.C. (2002) Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications. Science 297, 2044-2047.

Frogley, M.R., Tzedakis, P.C. & Heaton, T.H.E. (1999) Climate variability in NW Greece during the last interglacial. Science 285, 1886-1889.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1993) Long-term tree populations in northwest Greece through multiple Quaternary climatic cycles. Nature 364, 437-440.

Edited Volumes

Rose, J., Tzedakis, P. & Elderfield, H. (Eds) (2006) Critical Quaternary Stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews Volume 25, Issues 23-24, Pages 3089-3476.

Complete list of Journal Papers

Menviel, L., Govin, A., Avenas, A. Meissner, K.J., Grant, K.M. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2021) Drivers of the evolution and amplitude of African Humid Periods. Communications Earth and Environment 2, 237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00309-1.

Cutmore, A., Ausín, B., Maslin, M., Eglinton, T., Hodell, D., Muschitiello, F., Menviel, L., Haghipour, N., Martrat, B., Margari, V. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2021) Abrupt intrinsic and extrinsic responses of southwestern Iberian vegetation to millennial-scale variability over the past 28 ka. Journal of Quaternary Science https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.339

Tzedakis, P.C. & Wolff, E.W. (2021) James Croll and geological archives: testing astronomical theories of ice ages. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1-12 doi:10.1017/S1755691021000177.

Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Brady, E.C., Zhao, A., Brierley, C.M., Axford, Y., Capron, E., Govin, A., Hoffman, J.S., Isaacs, E., Kageyama, M., Scussolini, P., Tzedakis, P.C., Williams, C.J.R., Wolff, E., Abe-Ouchi, A., Braconnot, P., Buarque, S.R., Cao, J., de Vernal, A., Guarino, M.V., Guo, C., LeGrande, A.N., Lohmann, G., Meissner, K.J., Menviel, L., Morozova, P.A., Nisancioglu, K.H., O'ishi, R., Salas y Mélia, D., Shi, X., Sicard, M., Sime, L., Stepanek, C., Tomas, R., Volodin, V., Yeung, N.K.H., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Z. & Zheng, W. (2021). Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: Results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). Climate of the Past 17, 63-94. doi:10.5194/cp-17-63-2021.

Menviel, L.C., Skinner, L.C., Tarasov, L. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2020). An ice–climate oscillatory framework for Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00106-y.

Drysdale, R., Couchoud, I., Zanchetta, G., Isola, I., Regattieri, E., Hellstrom, J., Govin, A., Tzedakis, P.C., Ireland, T., Corrick, E., Greig, A., Wong, H., Piccini, L., Holden, P. & Woodhead, J. (2020) Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy. Nature Communications 11, 5027. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18083-7

Margari, V., Skinner, L.C., Menviel, L., Capron, E., Rhodes, R.H., Mleneck-Vautravers, M.J., Ezat, M.M., Martrat, B., Grimalt, J.O., Hodell, D.A. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2020) Fast and slow components of interstadial warming in the North Atlantic during the last glacial. Communications Earth & Environment 1, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-0006-x.

Zhao, Y., Tzedakis, P.C., Li, Q., Qin, F., Cui, Q., Liang, C., Birks, H.J.B., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Ge, J., Zhao, H., Felde, V.A., Deng, C., Cai, M., Li, H., Ren, W., Wei, H., Yang, H., Zhang, J. & Guo, Z. (2020) Evolution of vegetation and climate variability on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 1.74 Myr. Science Advances 6, eaay6193, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6193.

Felde, V.A., Flantua, S.G.A., Jenks, C.R., Blas M. Benito, B.M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Kuneš, P., Magri, D., Nalepka, D. Risebrobakken, B., ter Braak, C.J.F., Allen, J.R.M., Granoszewski, W., Helmens, K.F., Huntley, B., Kondratienė, O., Kalniņa, L., Kupryjanowicz, M., Malkiewicz, M., Milner, A.M., Nita, M., NoryśkiewiczIrena, B., Pidek, I.A., Reille, M., Salonen, J.S., Šeirienė, V., Winter, H., Tzedakis, P.C. & Birks, H.J.B. (2020) Compositional turnover and variation in Eemian pollen sequences in Europe. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29, 101-109.

Giaccio, B., Leicher, N., Mannella, G., Monaco, L., Regattieri, E., Wagner, B., Zanchetta, G., Gaeta, M., Marra, F., Nomade, S., Palladino, D.M., Pereira, A., Scheidt, S., Sottili, G., Wonik, T., Wulf, S., Zeeden, C., Ariztegui, D., Cavinato, G.P., Dean, J.R., Florindo, F., Leng, M.J., Macrì, P., Niespolo, E., Renne, P.R., Rolf, C., Sadori, L., Thomas, C. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2019) Extending the tephra and palaeoenvironmental record of the Central Mediterranean back to 430 ka: A new core from Fucino Basin, central Italy. Quaternary Science Reviews 225, 106003.

Menviel, L., Capron, E., Govin, A., Dutton, A., Tarasov, L., Abe-Ouchi, A., Drysdale, R.N., Gibbard, P.L., Gregoire, L., He, F., Ivanovic, R.F., Kageyama, M., Kawamura, K., Landais, A., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Oyabu, I., Tzedakis, P.C., Wolff, E. & Zhang, X. (2019) The penultimate deglaciation: protocol for Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4 transient numerical simulations between 140 and 127 ka, version 1.0. Geoscientific Model Development 12, 3649-3685, doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019.

Capron, E., Rovere, A., Austermann, J., Axford, Y., Barlow, N.L.M., Carlson, A.E., de Vernal, A., Dutton, A., Kopp, R.E., McManus, J.F., Menviel, L., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Robinson, A., Shakun, J.D., Tzedakis, P.C. & Wolff, E.W. (2019) Challenges and research priorities to understand interactions between climate, ice sheets and global mean sea level during past interglacials. Quaternary Science Reviews 219, 308-311.

Regattieri, E. Giaccio, B., Mannella, G., Zanchetta, G., Nomade, S., Tognarelli, A., Perchiazzi, N., Vogel, H., Boschi, C., Drysdale, R.N., Wagner, B., Gemelli, M. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2019) Frequency and dynamics of millennial scale variability during Marine Isotope Stage 19: Insights from the Sulmona Basin (central Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 214, 28-43.

Tzedakis, P.C., Drysdale, R.N., Margari, V., Skinner L.C., Menviel, L., R.H. Rhodes, Taschetto, A.S., Hodell, D.A., Crowhurst, S.J., Hellstrom, J.C., Fallick, A.E., Grimalt, J.O., McManus, J.F., Martrat, B., Mokeddem, Z., Parrenin, F., Regattieri, E., K. Roe, & Zanchetta, G. (2018) Enhanced climate instability in the North Atlantic and southern Europe during the Last Interglacial. Nature Communications, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06683-3.

Margari, V., Roucoux, K., Magri, D., Manzi, G & Tzedakis, P.C. (2018) The MIS 13 interglacial at Ceprano, Italy, in the context of Middle Pleistocene vegetation changes in southern Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 199, 144-158, doi: /10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.016.

Vavrus, S.J., He, F., Kutzbach, J.E., Ruddiman, W.F. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2018) Glacial Inception in Marine Isotope Stage 19: An Orbital Analog for a Natural Holocene Climate. Scientific Reports 8:10213, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28419-5.

Wulf, S., Hardiman, M.J., Staff, R.A., Koutsodendris, A., Appelt, O., Blockley, S.P.E., Lowe, J.J., Manning, C.J., Ottolini, L., Schmitt, A.K., Smith, V.C., Tomlinson, E.L., Vakhrameeva, P., Knipping, M., Kotthoff, U., Milner, A.M., Müller, U.C., Christanis, K., Kalaitzidis, S., Tzedakis, P.C., Schmiedl, G., Pross, J. (2018) The marine isotope stage 1–5 cryptotephra record of Tenaghi Philippon, Greece: Towards a detailed tephrostratigraphic framework for the Eastern Mediterranean region. Quaternary Science Reviews 186, 236-262, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.011.

Sanchez Goñi, M.F.S., Desprat, S., Daniau, A.-L., Bassinot, F.C., Polanco-Martínez, J.M., Harrison, S.P., Allen, J.R.M., Scott Anderson, R., Behling, H., Bonnefille, R., Burjachs, F., Carrión, J.S., Cheddadi, R., Clark, J.S., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Mustaphi, C.J.C., Debusk, G.H., Dupont, L.M., Finch, J.M., Fletcher, W.J., Giardini, M., González, C., Gosling, W.D., Grigg, L.D., Grimm, E.C., Hayashi, R., Helmens, K., Heusser, L.E., Hill, T., Hope, G., Huntley, B., Igarashi, Y., Irino, T., Jacobs, B., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Kawai, S., Peter Kershaw, A., Kumon, F., Lawson, I.T., Ledru, M.-P., Lézine, A.-M., Mei Liew, P., Magri, D., Marchant, R., Margari, V., Mayle, F.E., Merna Mckenzie, G., Moss, P., Müller, S., Müller, U.C., Naughton, F., Newnham, R.M., Oba, T., Pérez-Obiol, R., Pini, R., Ravazzi, C., Roucoux, K.H., Rucina, S.M., Scott, L., Takahara, H., Tzedakis, P.C., Urrego, D.H., Van Geel, B., Guido Valencia, B., Vandergoes, M.J., Vincens, A., Whitlock, C.L., Willard, D.A., Yamamoto, M. (2017) The ACER pollen and charcoal database: A global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period. Earth System Science Data 9, 679-695, doi: /10.5194/essd-9-679-2017.

Tzedakis, P.C., Crucifix, M., Mitsui, T. & E.W. Wolff (2017) A simple rule to determine which insolation cycles lead to interglacials. Nature 542, 427-432, doi:10.1038/nature21364.

Milner, A.M., Roucoux, K.H., Collier, R.E.L., Müller, U.C., Pross, J. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2016) Vegetation responses to abrupt climatic changes during the Last Interglacial Complex (Marine Isotope Stage 5) at Tenaghi Philippon, NE Greece. Quaternary Science Reviews 154, 169-181, doi: /10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.10.016.

Ruddiman, W.F., Fuller, D.Q., Kutzbach, J.E., Tzedakis, P.C., Kaplan, J.O., Ellis, E.C., Vavrus, S.J., Roberts, C.N., Fyfe, R., He, F., Lemmen, C. & Woodbridge, J. (2016) Late Holocene climate: Natural or anthropogenic?, Reviews of Geophysics 54, doi:10.1002/2015RG000503.

Birner, B., Hodell, D.A., Tzedakis, P.C. & Skinner, L.C. (2016) Similar millennial climate variability on the Iberian margin during two early Pleistocene glacials and MIS 3. Paleoceanography, 31, 203-217, doi:10.1002/2015PA002868.

Hoogakker, B.A.A., Smith, R.S., Singarayer, J.S., Marchant, R., Prentice, I.C., Allen, J., Anderson, R.S., Bhagwat, S.A., Behling, H., Borisova, O., Bush, M., Correa-Metrio, A., de Vernal, A., Finch, J.M., Frechette, B., Garcia, S.L., Gosling, W.D., Granoszewski, W., Grimm, E.C., Gruger, E., Hanselman, J., Harrison, S.P., Hill, T.R., Huntley, B., Jimenez-Moreno, G., Kershaw, P., Ledru, M.-P., Magri, D., McKenzie, M., Muller, U., Nakagawa, T., Novenko, E., Penny, D., Sadori, L., Scott, L., Stevenson, J., Valdes, P.J., Vandergoes, M., Velichko, A., Whitlock, C. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2016) Terrestrial biosphere changes over the last 120,000 years and their impact on ocean d¹³C. Climate of the Past 12, 51–73, doi: 10.5194/cp-12-51-2016.

Past Interglacial Working Group of PAGES (2016) Interglacials of the last 800,000 years. Reviews of Geophysics 54, 162-219, doi: 10.1002/2015RG000482.

Tzedakis, P.C., Margari, V. & D.A. Hodell, D.A. (2015) Coupled land-ocean millennial-scale changes in the Early Pleistocene. Global and Planetary Change 135, 83-88 doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.008.

Hodell, D., Lourens, L., Crowhurst, S, Konijnendijk, T., Tjallingii, R., Jiménez-Espejo, F., Skinner, L., Tzedakis, P.C. & Shackleton Site Project Members (2015) A reference time scale for Site U1385 (Shackleton Site) on the SW Iberian Margin. Global and Planetary Change 133, 49-64 doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.002.

Govin, A., Capron, E., Tzedakis, P.C., Verheyden, S., Ghaleb, B., Hillaire-Marcel, C., St-Onge, G., Stoner, J., Bassinot, F., Bazin, L., Blunier, T., El Ouahabi, A, Genty, D., Gersonde, R., Jimenez-Amat, P., Landais, A., Martrat, B., Masson-Delmotte, V., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Veres, D., Waelbroeck, C. & Zahn^, R. (2015) Sequence of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: evaluating strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives. Quaternary Science Reviews 129, 1-36, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.018.

Wilson, G.P., Reed, J.M., Frogley, M.R., Hughes, P.D. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2015) Reconciling diverse lacustrine and terrestrial system response to penultimate deglacial warming in Southern Europe. Geology 43, 819-822, doi:10.1130/G36807.1.

Pross, J., Koutsodendris, A., Christanis, K., Fischer, T., Fletcher, W.J., Hardiman, M., Kalaitzidis, S., Knipping, M., Kotthoff, U., Milner, A.M., Müller, U.C., Schmiedl, G., Siavalas, G., Tzedakis, P.C., Wulf, S. The 1.3-Ma-long terrestrial climate archive of Tenaghi Philippon, northeastern Greece: Evolution, exploration and perspectives for future research. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, doi:10.1127/nos/2015/0063.

Giaccio, B., Regattieri, E., Zanchetta, G., Nomade, S., Renne, P.R., Sprain, C.J., Drysdale, R.N., Tzedakis, P.C., Messina, P., Scardia, G., Sposato, A., Bassinot, F. (2015) Duration and dynamics of the best orbital analogue to the present interglacial. Geology 43, 603-606, doi:10.1130/G36677.1.

Litt, T., Pickarski, N., Heumann, G., Stockhecke, M. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2014) A 600,000 year long continental pollen record from Lake Van, eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 481-500.

Margari, V., Skinner, L.C., Hodell, D.A., Martrat, B., Toucanne, S., Grimalt, J.O., Gibbard, P.L., Lunkka, J.P. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2014) Land-ocean changes on orbital and millennial timescales and the penultimate glaciation. Geology 42,183-186, doi: 10.1130/G35070.1.

Tzedakis, P.C., Emerson, B.E. & Hewitt, G.M. (2013) Cryptic or mystic? Glacial tree refugia in northern Europe. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28, 696-704, doi. /10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.001

Lawson, I.T., Tzedakis, P.C., Roucoux, K.H. & Galanidou, N. (2013) The anthropogenic influence on wildfire regimes: charcoal records from the Holocene and Last Interglacial at Ioannina, Greece. Journal of Biogeography 40, 2324-2334, doi:10.1111/jbi.12164.

Hodell, D.A., Lourens, L., Stow, D.A.V., Hernández-Molina, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A. & the Shackleton Site Project Members (2013) The “Shackleton Site” (IODP Site U1385) on the Iberian Margin. Scientific Drilling 16, 13-19.

Channell, J.E.T., Hodell, D.A, Margari, V., Skinner, L.C., Tzedakis, P.C., & Kesler, M.S. (2013) Biogenic magnetite, detrital hematite, and relative paleointensity in Quaternary sediments from the Southwest Iberian Margin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 376, 99-109.

Hodell, D., Crowhurst, S., Skinner, L., Tzedakis, P.C., Margari, V., Maclaghlan, S. & Rothwell, G. (2013) Response of Iberian Margin sediments to orbital and suborbital forcing over the past 420 kyr. Paleoceanography 28, 1–15, doi:10.1002/palo.20017.

Torres, V., Hooghiemstra, H., Lourens, L. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2013) Astronomical tuning of long pollen records reveals the dynamic history of montane biomes and lake levels in the tropical high Andes during the Quaternary. Quaternary Science Reviews 63, 59-72.

Milner, A.M., Müller, U.C., Roucoux, K.H., Collier, R.E.L., Pross, J., Kalaitzidis, S., Christanis, K., and Tzedakis, P.C. (2013) Environmental variability during the Last Interglacial: a new high-resolution pollen record from Tenaghi Philippon, Greece. Journal of Quaternary Science, 28, 113-117.

Jones, T.D., Lawson, I.T., Reed, J.M., Wilson, G.P., Leng, M.J., Gierga, M., Bernasconi, S.M., Tzedakis, P.C. (2013) Diatom-inferred late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeolimnological changes in the Ioannina basin, northwest Greece. Journal of Paleolimnology 49, 185-204, doi 10.1007/s10933-012-9654-x.

Birks, HH., Giesecke, T., Hewitt, G.M., Tzedakis, P.C., Bakke, J., & Birks, H.J.B. (2012) Comment on ''Glacial Survival of Boreal Trees in Northern Scandinavia'' Science 338, 742, doi:10.1130/G33204.1

Tzedakis, P.C., Wolff, E.W., Skinner, L.C., Brovkin, V., Hodell, D.A., McManus, J.F. & Raynaud, D. (2012) Can we predict the duration of an interglacial? Climate of the Past 8, 1473-1485, doi:10.5194/cp-8-1473-2012.

Milner, A.M., Collier, R.E.L., Roucoux, K.H., Müller, U.C., Pross, J., Kalaitzidis, S., Christanis, K. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2012) Enhanced seasonality of precipitation in the Mediterranean during the early part of the Last Interglacial. Geology, 40, 919-922, doi:10.1130/G33204.

Lowe, J., Barton, N., Blockley, S., Ramsey, C.B., Cullen, V.L., Davies, W., Gamble, C., Grant, K., Hardiman, M., Housley, R., Lane, C.S., Lee, S., Lewis, M., MacLeod, A., Menzies, M., Müller, W., Pollard, M., Price, C., Roberts, A.P., Rohling, E.J., Satow, C., Smith, V.C., Stringer, C.B., Tomlinson, E.L., White, D., Albert, P., Arienzo, I., Barker, G., Borić, D., Carandente, A., Civetta, L., Ferrier, C., Guadelli, J.-L., Karkanas, P., Koumouzelis, M., Müller, U.C., Orsi, G., Pross, J., Rosi, M., Shalamanov-Korobar, L., Sirakov, N. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2012) Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 13532-13537.

Tzedakis, P.C., Channell, J. E. T., Hodell, D. A., Kleiven, H. F. & Skinner, L. C. (2012) Determining the natural length of the current interglacial.  Nature Geoscience 5, 138-141, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1358.

Roucoux, K.H., Tzedakis, P.C., Lawson, I.T. & Margari, V. (2011) Vegetation history of the penultimate glacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 6) at Ioannina, north-west Greece. Journal of Quaternary Science 26, 616–626.

Müller, U.C., Pross, J., Tzedakis, P.C., Gamble, C., Kotthoff, U., Schmiedl, G., Wulf, S., Christanis, K. (2011) The role of climate in the spread of modern humans into Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 273-279.

Manzi, G., Magri, D., Milli, S., Palombo, M.R., Margari, V., Celiberti, V., Barbieri, M., Barbieri, M., Melis, R.T., Rubini, M., Ruffo, M., Saracino, B., Tzedakis, P.C., Zarattini, A., Biddittu, I. (2010) The new chronology of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy). Journal of Human Evolution 59, 580-585.

Fletcher, W.J., Sánchez Goñi, M.F., Allen, J.R.M., Cheddadi, R., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Huntley, B., Lawson, I., Londeix, L., Magri, D., Margari, V., Müller, U.C., Naughton, F., Novenko, E., Roucoux, K., Tzedakis, P.C. (2010) Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 29, 2839-2864.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2010) The MIS 11 – MIS 1 analogy, southern European vegetation, atmospheric methane and the “early anthropogenic hypothesis”. Climate of the Past 6, 131-144.

Margari, V., Skinner, L.C., Tzedakis, P.C., Ganopolski, A., Vautravers, M. & Shackleton, N.J. (2010) The nature of millennial-scale climate variability during the past two glacial periods. Nature Geoscience 3, 127-133, doi:10.1038/NGEO740.

Tzedakis, P.C., Raynaud, D.R, McManus, J.F., Berger, A., Brovkin, V. & Kiefer, T. (2009) Interglacial diversity. Nature Geoscience 2, 751-755, doi:10.1038/NGEO660.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2009) Museums and cradles of Mediterranean biodiversity. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1033-1034.

Margari, V., Gibbard, P.L., Bryant, C.L. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2009) Character of vegetational and environmental changes in southern Europe during the last glacial period; evidence from Lesvos Island, Greece. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 1317-1339, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.01.008.

Tzedakis, P.C., Pälike, H., Roucoux, K.H. & de Abreu, L. (2009) Atmospheric methane, southern European vegetation and low-mid latitude links on orbital and millennial timescales. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 277, 307-317.

Roucoux, K.H., Tzedakis, P.C., Frogley, M.R., Lawson,I.T. & R.C. Preece. (2008) Vegetation history of the marine isotope stage 7 interglacial complex at Ioannina, NW Greece. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 1378-1395.

Wilson, G.P., Reed, J.M., Lawson, I.T., Frogley, M.R., Preece, R.C. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2008) Diatom response to the last glacial-interglacial transition in the Ioannina basin, northwest Greece: implications for Mediterranean palaeoclimate reconstruction Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 428-440.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2007) Seven ambiguities in the Mediterranean palaeoenvironmental narrative. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 2042-2066.

Tzedakis, P.C., Hughen, K.A., Cacho, I. & Harvati, K. (2007) Placing late Neanderthals in a climatic context. Nature 449, 206-208, doi:10.1038/nature06117.

Pross, J., Tzedakis, P., Schmiedl, G., Christanis, K., Hooghiemstra, H., Müller, U.C. (2007) Tenaghi Philippon (Greece) Revisited: Drilling a Continuous Lower-Latitude Terrestrial Climate Archive of the Last 250,000 Years. Scientific Drilling 5, 44-46.

Tzedakis, P.C., Hooghiemstra, H. & Pälike, H. (2006) The last 1.35 million years at Tenaghi Philippon: revised chronostratigraphy and long-term vegetation trends. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 3416-3430.

Roucoux, K.H., Tzedakis, P.C., de Abreu, L. & Shackleton, N.J. (2006) Climate and vegetation changes 180,000 to 345,000 years ago recorded in a deep-sea core off Portugal. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 249, 307-325.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2005) Towards an understanding of the response of southern European vegetation to orbital and suborbital climate variability. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 1585-1599.

de Abreu, L., Abrantes, F. F., Shackleton, N. J, Tzedakis, P. C., McManus, J.F., Oppo, D. W. & Hall, M. A. (2005) Ocean climate variability in the eastern North Atlantic during interglacial marine isotope stage 11: A partial analogue to the Holocene? Paleoceanography 20, PA3009 10.1029/2004PA001091.

Roucoux, K. H., de Abreu, L., Shackleton, N. J & Tzedakis, P. C. (2005) The response of NW Iberian vegetation to North Atlantic climate oscillations during the last 65 kyr. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 1637-1653.

Lawson, I.T., Al-Omari, S., Tzedakis, P.C, Bryant, C. & Christanis, K. (2005) Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation history at Nisi Fen and the Boras mountains, northern Greece. The Holocene 15, 873-887.

Tzedakis, P. C., Roucoux, K. H., de Abreu, L. & Shackleton, N. J. (2004) The duration of forest stages in southern Europe and interglacial climate variability. Science 306, 2231-2235, doi 10.1126/science.1102398.

Lawson, I.T., Frogley, M.R., Tzedakis, P.C., Preece, R.C. & Bryant, C. (2004) Lateglacial and Holocene environmental history of the Ioannina basin, north-west Greece. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 1599-1625.

Tzedakis, P.C., Frogley, M.R., Lawson, I.T., Preece, R.C., Cacho, I. & de Abreu, L. (2004) Ecological thresholds and patterns of millennial-scale climate variability: The response of vegetation in Greece during the last glacial period. Geology 32, 109-112.

Tzedakis, P.C., McManus, P.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Oppo, D. W. & Wijmstra, T.A. (2003) Comparison of changes in vegetation in northeast Greece with records of climate variability on orbital and suborbital frequencies over the last 450,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 212, 197-212.

Huntley, B., Alfano, M.J., Allen, J., Pollard, D. Tzedakis, P.C., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Grüger, E. & Watts, W.A. (2003) European vegetation during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3, Quaternary Research 59, 195-212.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2003) Timing and duration of Last Interglacial conditions in Europe: a chronicle of a changing chronology. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 763-768.

Tzedakis, P.C., Frogley, M.R. & Heaton, T.H.E. (2003) Last interglacial conditions in southern Europe: evidence from Ioannina, northwest Greece. Global and Planetary Change 36, 157-170.

Tzedakis, P.C., Lawson, I.T., Frogley, M.R., Hewitt, G.M. & Preece, R.C. (2003) Reply to comment on "Buffered vegetation changes in a Quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications". Science 299, 825b, doi: 10.1126/science.1080630.

Tzedakis, P.C., Lawson, I.T., Frogley, M.R., Hewitt, G.M. & Preece, R.C. (2002) Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications. Science 297, 2044-2047.

Tzedakis, P.C., Frogley, M.R. & Heaton, T.H.E. (2002) Duration of last interglacial conditions in northwest Greece. Quaternary Research 58, 53-55.

Kukla, G.J., Bender, M.L., de Beaulieu, J.L., Bond, G., Broecker, W.S., Cleveringa, P., Gavin, J.E., Herbert, T.D., Imbrie, J., Jouzel, J., Keigwin, L.D., Knudsen, K-L., McManus, J.F., Merkt, J., Muhs, D.R., Müller, H., Poore, R.Z., Porter, S.C., Seret, G., Shackleton, N.J., Turner, C., Tzedakis, P.C. & Winograd, I.J. (2002) Last Interglacial climates. Quaternary Research 58, 2-13.

Griffiths, S.J., Giffiths, H.I., Altinsacli, S. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2002) Interpreting the Tyrrhenocythere (Ostracoda) signal from palaeolake Kopais, central Greece, Boreas 31, 250-259.

Griffiths, S.J., Street-Perrot, A., Holmes, J.A., Leng, M.J. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2002) Chemical and isotopic composition of modern water bodies in the Lake Kopais Basin, central Greece. Sedimentary Geology 148, 79-103.

Papazisimou, S., Bouzinos, A., Christanis, K., Tzedakis, P.C. & Kalaitzidis, S. (2002) The upland Holocene transitional mires of Elatia forest. Northern Greece, Wetlands 22, 355-365.

Galanidou, P. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2001) New AMS dates from the Upper Palaeolithic Kastritsa. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 67, 271-278.

Roucoux, K.H., Shackleton, N.J., de Abreu, L., Schönfeld, J. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2001) Combined marine proxy and pollen analyses reveal rapid vegetation response to North Atlantic millennial-scale climate oscillations. Quaternary Research 56, 128-132.

de Beaulieu, J.-L., Andrieu, V., Grüger, E., Reille, M. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2001) Correlation between the Velay pollen sequence and the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy from Central Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1593-1602.

Tzedakis, P.C., Andrieu, V., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Birks, H.J.B., Crowhurst, S., Follieri, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Magri, D., Reille, M., Sadori, L., Shackleton, N.J. & Wijmstra, T.A. (2001) Establishing a terrestrial chronological framework as a basis for biostratigraphical comparisons. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1583-1592.

Bouzinos, A., Papazisimou, S., Christanis, K. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2000) High peat accumulation rate in the tectonic depression of Katouna, western Greece. International Peat Journal 10, 85-95.

Galanidou, P., Tzedakis, P.C., Lawson, I.T. & Frogley, M.R. (2000) A revised chronological and palaeoenvironmental framework for the Kastritsa rockshelter, northwest Greece. Antiquity 74, 349-355.

Magri, D. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2000) Orbital signatures and long-term vegetation patterns in the Mediterranean. Quaternary International 73/74, 69-78.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2000) Vegetation variability in Greece during the Last Interglacial Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79(2), 355-367.

Frogley, M.R., Tzedakis, P.C. & Heaton, T.H.E. (1999) Climate variability in NW Greece during the last interglacial. Science 285, 1886-1889.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1999) The last climatic cycle at Kopais, central Greece. Journal of the Geological Society, London 155, 425-434.

Tzedakis, P.C., Andrieu, V., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Crowhurst, S., Follieri, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Magri, D., Reille, M., Sadori, L., Shackleton, N.J. & Wijmstra, T.A. (1997) Comparison of terrestrial and marine records of changing climate of the last 500,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 150, 171-176.

Maslin, M. & Tzedakis, P.C. (1996) Sultry last interglacial gets sudden chill. Eos Transactions  American Geophysical Union 77, 353-356.

van Andel,  T.H. & Tzedakis, P.C. (1996) Palaeolithic landscapes of Europe and environs 150,000-25,000 years ago: an overview. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 481-500.

Tzedakis, P.C. & Bennett, K.D. (1995) Interglacial vegetation succession: a view from southern Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 967-982.

Tzedakis, P.C., Bennett, K.D. & Magri, D. (1994) Climate and the pollen record. Nature 370, 513.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1994) Vegetation change through glacial-interglacial cycles: a long pollen sequence perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 345, 403-432.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1994) Hierarchical biostratigraphical classification of long pollen sequences. Journal of Quaternary Science 9, 257-259.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1993) Long-term tree populations in northwest Greece through multiple Quaternary climatic cycles. Nature 364, 437-440.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1992) Effect of soils on the Holocene history of forest communities, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 46, 113-124.

Bennett, K.D., Tzedakis, P.C. & Willis, K.J. (1991) Cold stage refugia of north European trees. Journal of Biogeography 18, 103-115.

Chapters in edited volumes

Luterbacher, J., R. García-Herrera, S. Akcer-On, R. Allan, M. C. Alvarez-Castro, G. Benito, J. Booth, U. Büntgen, N. Cagatay, D. Colombaroli, B. Davis, J. Esper, T. Felis, D. Fleitmann, D. Frank, D. Gallego, E. Garcia-Bustamante, R. Glaser, J. F. González-Rouco, H. Goosse, T. Kiefer, M. G. Macklin, S. Manning, P. Montagna, L. Newman, M. J. Power, V. Rath, P. Ribera, D. Riemann, N. Roberts, M. Sicre, S. Silenzi, W. Tinner, B. Valero-Garces, G. van der Schrier, C. Tzedakis, B. Vannière, S. Vogt, H. Wanner, J. P. Werner, G. Willett, M.H. Williams, E. Xoplaki, C. S. Zerefos, and E. Zorita (2012) A review of 2000 years of paleoclimatic evidence in the Mediterranean. In: Lionello, P. (Ed.), The Climate of the Mediterranean region: from the past to the future. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 87-185.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2009) Cenozoic climate and vegetation change. In: J.C. Woodward (ed.) The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean, pp. 89-137. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2007) Last Interglacial pollen records from Europe. In: Elias, S.A. (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science, pp 2597-2605. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Roucoux, K. H., Tzedakis, P. C., de Abreu, L., and Shackleton, N. J. (2007). Fine tuning land–ocean correlations for the Middle Pleistocene of southern Europe. In: Sirocko, F., Claussen, M., Sanchez Goni, M. F. & Litt, T. (Eds) The Climate of Past Interglacials, pp. 357-373. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Tzedakis, P.C. (2004) The Balkans as prime glacial refugial territory of European temperate trees In: Griffiths, H.I., Krystufek, B & Reed, JM (eds). Balkan Biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot, 49-68, Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Bouzinos, A., Papazisimou, S., Christanis, K. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2001) The floating mire of Voulkaria Lake (Prefecture of Aitoloakarnania). Proceedings of the 9^th International Congress of the Geological Society of Greece, Athens September 2001. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, 415-422.

Papazisimou, S., Bouzinos, A., Christanis, K. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2000) The coastal asphalt fen of Keri, Zakynthos-Hellas. Proceedings of the 11 International Peat Congress, Quebec, Canada, volume 1, 58-69.

van Andel, T.H. & Tzedakis, P.C. (1998) Priority and opportunity: reconstructing the European Middle Palaeolithic climate and Landscape. In: J. Bailey (ed.) Science in Archaeology: An Agenda for the Future, pp. 37-45, English Heritage, London, .

Maslin, M., Sarnthein, M., Knaack, J.-J, Grootes, P. & Tzedakis, P.C. (1998) Intra-interglacial cold events: an Eemian-Holocene comparison. In: A. Cramp, C. J. MacLeod, S. V. Lee & E. J. W. Jones (eds) Geological Evolution of Ocean Basins: Results from the Ocean Drilling Program, Geological Society, London, 131, 91-99.

van Andel, T.H. & Tzedakis, P.C. (1996) European Palaeolithic landscapes 140,000-30,000 years ago - a summary. In: O. Bar-Yosef, L.Cavalli-Sforza, R.J. March, M. Piperno (eds) Proceedings of XIII International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, Vol. 5 The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic,  pp. 191-204, ABACO Edizioni, Forlì.

Other scientific contributions and reports

Tzedakis, C., Menviel, L., Capron, E., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., McManus, J.F., Raynaud, D. & Wolff, E. (2021) Fabulous interglacials: a timeline of the PIGS and QUIGS working groups. In: Fischer, H., Fritz, S., Evans, M.N. & Eggleston, S (eds) 30 years of PAGES: Past - Present – Future. PAGES Magazine 29, 21-23, doi.org/10.22498/pages.29.1.21.

Martrat, B., Tzedakis, P.C., Margari, V., Skinner, L.C., Hodell, D.A.  and Grimalt, J.O. (2015) Multi-decadal temperature changes off Iberia over the last two deglaciations and interglacials and their connection with the polar climate. PAGES Magazine 23, 10-11.

Tzedakis, P.C., McManus, J.F., Raynaud, D., Hodell, D.A., Skinner, L.C. & Wolff, E.W. (2012) The 4th PAGES Past Interglacials Workshop. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Uk, 2-5 July 2012. PAGES News 21 (1), 42-42.

Rose, J., Tzedakis, C. & Elderfield, H. (2006) Critical Quaternary Stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 3089.

Rose, J., Tzedakis, C. & Elderfield, H. (2006) Endpiece. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 3461-3462.

Tzedakis, C. (2006) Professor Sir Nicholas J. Shackleton, FRS (1937–2006), Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 403.

McManus, J. & Tzedakis, C. (2006) Global climate during Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11). Past Global Changes Newsletter 14(1), 42-43.

Tzedakis, P.C., Andrieu, V., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Crowhurst, S., Follieri, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Magri, D., Reille, M., Sadori, L., Shackleton, N.J. & Wijmstra, T.A. (1999) 0.5 million-year pollen records from southern Europe. Past Global Changes Newsletter 7(3), 14-15.

Magri, D. & Tzedakis, P.C. (1998) Does vegetation sing an orbital tune? Terra Nostra 98/6, 94-95.

Tzedakis, P.C. (1987) A 10,500-year record of environmental change from Cape Cod, MA. Current Research in the Pleistocene 4, 96-98.

Book reviews

Tzedakis, P.C. (1992) Late Quaternary Vegetation of the Near East by W. van Zeist and S. Bottema - review. The Holocene 2, 284.

Popular articles

Tzedakis, P.C. (2000) Migrations, refugia and extinctions: the eventful history of European forests. National Geographic Magazine, Greece. September Issue, 166-169.

Chronis has been a pioneer in the study of long terrestrial sequences, documenting the response of vegetation to orbital- and millennial-scale climate variability and the importance of glacial tree refugia as museums and cradles of biodiversity. In recent years, he has led community efforts to explore the characteristics of interglacials. His work has shed light on when interglacials occur and how long they last, contributing towards an extended Milankovitch theory of ice ages.

This work has provided insights into the: (i) response characteristic of European vegetation to orbital and millennial climate changes; (ii) nature and distribution of glacial tree refugia; (iii) climatic signature of critical intervals in human evolution; (iv) occurrence and duration of interglacials and implications for the natural length of our current interglacial.

Research Funding Awarded:

I am involved in setting the research agenda on the study of interglacials by leading international scientific initiatives (INQUA Stage 11 Project [2004-2007]; PAGES Working Groups on Past Interglacials [2008-2015] and Quaternary Interglacials [2015-2021]).

My work on southern European glacial tree refugia, (Tzedakis, 1993 Nature; Tzedakis et al., 2002 Science; Tzedakis et al., 2013 TREE) is informing the debate on conservation strategies in Europe. My papers on the duration of interglacials (Tzedakis et al., 2004 Science), on the climate background to late Neanderthals (Tzedakis et al., 2007 Nature) and the natural length of the current interglacial (Tzedakis et al., 2012 Nature Geoscience) have generated significant media interest.

A long-standing commitment is to bring the result of my research to large and diverse audiences. I have written in popular outlets, presented my work in major public lectures (e.g. CosmoCaixa Science Museum, Barcelona; Goulandris Museum, Athens), given numerous interviews and was scientific advisor for a 13-part series on Greece and Climate Change for National Greek television (NET).

Undergraduate modules

GEOG1005: Environmental Change
GEOG3063: Overseas Fieldclass Greece

Postgraduate modules

GEOGG133: Past Climates
GEOGG135: Biological Indicators of Environmental Change

Previous modules

GEOGGQ03: Pollen Analysis
GEOGGQ07: Palaeoclimate

External PhD examining